vimrc
Generally vim is the preferred editor for experienced coders , but newbies always find it difficult to handle .Although the initial learning curve is pretty steep , but it resides once you get used to it.By default there is no vimrc file ... u need to crete one and put it in the homefolder.The vimrc file helps to configure the properties of vim.A sample vimrc file has been put below .... as something that needs closing;
autocmd!
" * Terminal Settings
" `XTerm', `RXVT', `Gnome Terminal', and `Konsole' all claim to be "xterm";
" `KVT' claims to be "xterm-color":
if &term =~ 'xterm'
" `Gnome Terminal' fortunately sets $COLORTERM; it needs
" fixing, and it has a bug which causes spurious "c"s to appear, which can be
" fixed by unsetting t_RV:
if $COLORTERM == 'gnome-terminal'
execute 'set t_kb=' . nr2char(8)
" [Char 8 is
fixdel
set t_RV=
" `XTerm', `Konsole', and `KVT' all also need fixing;
" there's no easy way of distinguishing these terminals from other things
" that claim to be "xterm", but `RXVT' sets $COLORTERM to "rxvt" and these
" don't:
elseif $COLORTERM == ''
execute 'set t_kb=' . nr2char(8)
fixdel
" The above won't work if an `XTerm' or `KVT' is started from within a `Gnome
" Terminal' or an `RXVT': the $COLORTERM setting will propagate; it's always
" OK with `Konsole' which explicitly sets $COLORTERM to "".
endif
endif
" * User Interface
" have syntax highlighting in terminals which can display colours:
if has('syntax') && (&t_Co > 2)
syntax on
endif
" have fifty lines of command-line (etc) history:
set history=50
" remember all of these between sessions, but only 10 search terms; also
" remember info for 10 files, but never any on removable disks, don't remember
" marks in files, don't rehighlight old search patterns, and only save up to
" 100 lines of registers; including @10 in there should restrict input buffer
" but it causes an error for me:
set viminfo=/10,'10,r/mnt/zip,r/mnt/floppy,f0,h,\"100
" have command-line completion
" first list the available options and complete the longest common part, then
" have further
set wildmode=list:longest,full
" use "[RO]" for "[readonly]" to save space in the message line:
set shortmess+=r
" display the current mode and partially-typed commands in the status line:
set showmode
set showcmd
" when using list, keep tabs at their full width and display `arrows':
execute 'set listchars+=tab:' . nr2char(187) . nr2char(183)
" (Character 187 is a right double-chevron, and 183 a mid-dot.)
" have the mouse enabled all the time:
set mouse=a
" don't have files trying to override this .vimrc:
set nomodeline
" * Text Formatting -- General
" don't make it look like there are line breaks where there aren't:
set nowrap
" use indents of 2 spaces, and have them copied down lines:
set shiftwidth=2
set shiftround
set expandtab
set autoindent
" normally don't automatically format `text' as it is typed, IE only do this
" with comments, at 79 characters:
set formatoptions-=t
set textwidth=79
" get rid of the default style of C comments, and define a style with two stars
" at the start of `middle' rows which (looks nicer and) avoids asterisks used
" for bullet lists being treated like C comments; then define a bullet list
" style for single stars (like already is for hyphens):
set comments-=s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
set comments+=s:/*,mb:**,ex:*/
set comments+=fb:*
" treat lines starting with a quote mark as comments (for `Vim' files, such as
" this very one!), and colons as well so that reformatting usenet messages from
" `Tin' users works OK:
set comments+=b:\"
set comments+=n::
" * Text Formatting -- Specific File Formats
" enable filetype detection:
filetype on
" recognize anything in my .Postponed directory as a news article, and anything
" at all with a .txt extension as being human-language text [this clobbers the
" `help' filetype, but that doesn't seem to prevent help from working
" properly]:
augroup filetype
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead */.Postponed/* set filetype=mail
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.txt set filetype=human
augroup END
" in human-language files, automatically format everything at 72 chars:
autocmd FileType mail,human set formatoptions+=t textwidth=72
" for C-like programming, have automatic indentation:
autocmd FileType c,cpp,slang set cindent
" for actual C (not C++) programming where comments have explicit end
" characters, if starting a new line in the middle of a comment automatically
" insert the comment leader characters:
autocmd FileType c set formatoptions+=ro
" for Perl programming, have things in braces indenting themselves:
autocmd FileType perl set smartindent
" for CSS, also have things in braces indented:
autocmd FileType css set smartindent
" for HTML, generally format text, but if a long line has been created leave it
" alone when editing:
autocmd FileType html set formatoptions+=tl
" for both CSS and HTML, use genuine tab characters for indentation, to make
" files a few bytes smaller:
autocmd FileType html,css set noexpandtab tabstop=2
" in makefiles, don't expand tabs to spaces, since actual tab characters are
" needed, and have indentation at 8 chars to be sure that all indents are tabs
" (despite the mappings later):
autocmd FileType make set noexpandtab shiftwidth=8
" * Search & Replace
" make searches case-insensitive, unless they contain upper-case letters:
set ignorecase
set smartcase
" show the `best match so far' as search strings are typed:
set incsearch
" assume the /g flag on :s substitutions to replace all matches in a line:
set gdefault
" * Spelling
" define `Ispell' language and personal dictionary, used in several places
" below:
let IspellLang = 'british'
let PersonalDict = '~/.ispell_' . IspellLang
" try to avoid misspelling words in the first place -- have the insert mode
"
" checking the Linux word list and the personal `Ispell' dictionary; sort out
" case sensibly (so that words at starts of sentences can still be completed
" with words that are in the dictionary all in lower case):
execute 'set dictionary+=' . PersonalDict
set dictionary+=/usr/dict/words
set complete=.,w,k
set infercase
" correct my common typos without me even noticing them:
abbreviate teh the
abbreviate spolier spoiler
abbreviate Comny Conmy
abbreviate atmoic atomic
" Spell checking operations are defined next. They are all set to normal mode
" keystrokes beginning \s but function keys are also mapped to the most common
" ones. The functions referred to are defined at the end of this .vimrc.
" \si ("spelling interactive") saves the current file then spell checks it
" interactively through `Ispell' and reloads the corrected version:
execute 'nnoremap \si :w
" \sl ("spelling list") lists all spelling mistakes in the current buffer,
" but excludes any in news/mail headers or in ("> ") quoted text:
execute 'nnoremap \sl :w ! grep -v "^>"
\ '
" \sh ("spelling highlight") highlights (in red) all misspelt words in the
" current buffer, and also excluding the possessive forms of any valid words
" (EG "Lizzy's" won't be highlighted if "Lizzy" is in the dictionary); with
" mail and news messages it ignores headers and quoted text; for HTML it
" ignores tags and only checks words that will appear, and turns off other
" syntax highlighting to make the errors more apparent [function at end of
" file]:
nnoremap \sh :call HighlightSpellingErrors()
nmap
" \sc ("spelling clear") clears all highlighted misspellings; for HTML it
" restores regular syntax highlighting:
nnoremap \sc :if &ft == 'html'
\ else
nmap
" \sa ("spelling add") adds the word at the cursor position to the personal
" dictionary (but for possessives adds the base word, so that when the cursor
" is on "Ceri's" only "Ceri" gets added to the dictionary), and stops
" highlighting that word as an error (if appropriate) [function at end of
" file]:
nnoremap \sa :call AddWordToDictionary()
nmap
" * Keystrokes -- Moving Around
" have the h and l cursor keys wrap between lines (like
" by default), and ~ covert case over line breaks; also have the cursor keys
" wrap in insert mode:
set whichwrap=h,l,~,[,]
" page down with
" `SLRN', `Less', and `More'); page up with - (like in `Lynx', `Mutt', `Pine'),
" or
noremap
noremap
noremap -
" [
" scroll the window (but leaving the cursor in the same place) by a couple of
" lines up/down with / (like in `Lynx'):
noremap 2
noremap 2
" [ by default is like i, and like x.]
" use
" where possible):
nnoremap
nnoremap
" use
nnoremap
nnoremap
" [
" have % bounce between angled brackets, as well as t'other kinds:
set matchpairs+=<:>
" have
" page, and have it do this from any mode:
nnoremap
vmap
omap
map!
" * Keystrokes -- Formatting
" have Q reformat the current paragraph (or selected text if there is any):
nnoremap Q gqap
vnoremap Q gq
" have the usual indentation keystrokes still work in visual mode:
vnoremap
vnoremap
vmap
vmap
" have Y behave analogously to D and C rather than to dd and cc (which is
" already done by yy):
noremap Y y$
" * Keystrokes -- Toggles
" Keystrokes to toggle options are defined here. They are all set to normal
" mode keystrokes beginning \t but some function keys (which won't work in all
" terminals) are also mapped.
" have \tp ("toggle paste") toggle paste on/off and report the change, and
" where possible also have
nnoremap \tp :set invpaste paste?
nmap
imap
set pastetoggle=
" have \tf ("toggle format") toggle the automatic insertion of line breaks
" during typing and report the change:
nnoremap \tf :if &fo =~ 't'
\ endif
nmap
imap
" have \tl ("toggle list") toggle list on/off and report the change:
nnoremap \tl :set invlist list?
nmap
" have \th ("toggle highlight") toggle highlighting of search matches, and
" report the change:
nnoremap \th :set invhls hls?
" * Keystrokes -- Insert Mode
" allow
" insertion, and over indentations:
set backspace=eol,start,indent
" have
" indentation:
inoremap
inoremap
" [
" abbreviations:
iabbrev lfpg Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch
iabbrev hse he/she
iabbrev sm Smylers
" * Keystrokes -- For HTML Files
" Some automatic HTML tag insertion operations are defined next. They are
" allset to normal mode keystrokes beginning \h. Insert mode function keys are
" also defined, for terminals where they work. The functions referred to are
" defined at the end of this .vimrc.
" \hc ("HTML close") inserts the tag needed to close the current HTML construct
" [function at end of file]:
nnoremap \hc :call InsertCloseTag()
imap
" \hp ("HTML previous") copies the previous (non-closing) HTML tag in full,
" including attributes; repeating this straight away removes that tag and
" copies the one before it [function at end of file]:
nnoremap \hp :call RepeatTag(0)
imap
" \hn ("HTML next") does the same thing, but copies the next tag; so \hp and
" \hn can be used to cycle backwards and forwards through the tags in the file
" (like
nnoremap \hn :call RepeatTag(1)
imap
" there are other key mappings that it's useful to have for typing HTML
" character codes, but that are definitely not wanted in other files (unlike
" the above, which won't do any harm), so only map these when entering an HTML
" file and unmap them on leaving it:
autocmd BufEnter * if &filetype == "html" | call MapHTMLKeys() | endif
function! MapHTMLKeys(...)
" sets up various insert mode key mappings suitable for typing HTML, and
" automatically removes them when switching to a non-HTML buffer
" if no parameter, or a non-zero parameter, set up the mappings:
if a:0 == 0 || a:1 != 0
" require two backslashes to get one:
inoremap \\ \
" then use backslash followed by various symbols insert HTML characters:
inoremap \& &
inoremap \< <
inoremap \> >
inoremap \. ·
" em dash -- have \- always insert an em dash, and also have _ do it if
" ever typed as a word on its own, but not in the middle of other words:
inoremap \- —
iabbrev _ —
" hard space with
inoremap \
imap
" have the normal open and close single quote keys producing the character
" codes that will produce nice curved quotes (and apostophes) on both Unix
" and Windows:
inoremap ` ‘
inoremap ' ’
" then provide the original functionality with preceding backslashes:
inoremap \` `
inoremap \' '
" curved double open and closed quotes (2 and " are the same key for me):
inoremap \2 “
inoremap \" ”
" when switching to a non-HTML buffer, automatically undo these mappings:
autocmd! BufLeave * call MapHTMLKeys(0)
" parameter of zero, so want to unmap everything:
else
iunmap \\
iunmap \&
iunmap \<
iunmap \>
iunmap \-
iunabbrev _
iunmap \
iunmap
iunmap `
iunmap '
iunmap \`
iunmap \'
iunmap \2
iunmap \"
" once done, get rid of the autocmd that called this:
autocmd! BufLeave *
endif " test for mapping/unmapping
endfunction " MapHTMLKeys()
" * `SLRN' Behaviour
" when using `SLRN' to compose a new news article without a signature, the
" cursor will be at the end of the file, the blank line after the header, so
" duplicate this line ready to start typing on; when composing a new article
" with a signature, `SLRN' includes an appropriate blank line but places the
" cursor on the following one, so move it up one line [if re-editing a
" partially-composed article, `SLRN' places the cursor on the top line, so
" neither of these will apply]:
autocmd VimEnter .article if line('.') == line('$') | yank | put |
\ elseif line('.') != 1 | -
" when following up articles from people with long names and/or e-mail
" addresses, the `SLRN'-generated attribution line can have over 80 characters,
" which will then cause `SLRN' to complain when trying to post it(!), so if
" editing a followup for the first time, reformat the line (then put the cursor
" back):
autocmd VimEnter .followup if line('.') != 1 | normal gq${j
" * Functions Referred to Above
function! HighlightSpellingErrors()
" highlights spelling errors in the current window; used for the \sh operation
" defined above;
" requires the ispell, sort, and uniq commands to be in the path;
" requires the global variable IspellLang to be defined above, and to contain
" the preferred `Ispell' language;
" for mail/news messages, requires the grep command to be in the path;
" for HTML documents, saves the file to disk and requires the lynx command to
" be in the path
"
" by Smylers http://www.stripey.com/vim/
" (inspired by Krishna Gadepalli and Neil Schemenauer's vimspell.sh)
"
" 2000 Jun 1: for `Vim' 5.6
" for HTML files, remove all current syntax highlighting (so that
" misspellings show up clearly), and note it's HTML for future reference:
if &filetype == 'html'
let HTML = 1
syntax clear
" for everything else, simply remove any previously-identified spelling
" errors (and corrections):
else
let HTML = 0
if hlexists('SpellError')
syntax clear SpellError
endif
if hlexists('Normal')
syntax clear Normal
endif
endif
" form a command that has the text to be checked piping through standard
" output; for HTML files this involves saving the current file and processing
" it with `Lynx'; for everything else, use all the buffer except quoted text
" and mail/news headers:
if HTML
write
let PipeCmd = '! lynx --dump --nolist % |'
else
let PipeCmd = 'write !'
if &filetype == 'mail'
let PipeCmd = PipeCmd . ' grep -v "^> " | grep -E -v "^[[:alpha:]-]+:" |'
endif
endif
" execute that command, then generate a unique list of misspelt words and
" store it in a temporary file:
let ErrorsFile = tempname()
execute PipeCmd . ' ispell -l -d '. g:IspellLang .
\ ' | sort | uniq > ' . ErrorsFile
" open that list of words in another window:
execute 'split ' . ErrorsFile
" for every word in that list ending with "'s", check if the root form
" without the "'s" is in the dictionary, and if so remove the word from the
" list:
global /'s$/ execute 'read ! echo ' . expand('
\ ' | ispell -l -d ' . g:IspellLang | delete
" (If the root form is in the dictionary, ispell -l will have no output so
" nothing will be read in, the cursor will remain in the same place and the
" :delete will delete the word from the list. If the root form is not in the
" dictionary, then ispell -l will output it and it will be read on to a new
" line; the delete command will then remove that misspelt root form, leaving
" the original possessive form in the list!)
" only do anything if there are some misspellings:
if strlen(getline('.')) > 0
" if (previously noted as) HTML, replace each non-alphanum char with a
" regexp that matches either that char or a &...; entity:
if HTML
% substitute /\W/\\(&\\|\&\\(#\\d\\{2,4}\\|\w\\{2,8}\\);\\)/e
endif
" turn each mistake into a `Vim' command to place it in the SpellError
" syntax highlighting group:
% substitute /^/syntax match SpellError !\\
% substitute /$/\\>!/
endif
" save and close that file (so switch back to the one being checked):
exit
" make syntax highlighting case-sensitive, then execute all the match
" commands that have just been set up in that temporary file, delete it, and
" highlight all those words in red:
syntax case match
execute 'source ' . ErrorsFile
call delete(ErrorsFile)
highlight SpellError term=reverse ctermfg=DarkRed guifg=Red
" with HTML, don't mark any errors in e-mail addresses or URLs, and ignore
" anything marked in a fix-width font (as being computer code):
if HTML
syntax case ignore
syntax match Normal !\<[[:alnum:]._-]\+@[[:alnum:]._-]\+\.\a\+\>!
syntax match Normal
\ !\<\(ht\|f\)tp://[-[:alnum:].]\+\a\(/[-_.[:alnum:]/#&=,]*\)\=\>!
syntax region Normal start=!! end=!
!
syntax region Normal start=!! end=!!
syntax region Normal start=!! end=!!
endif
endfunction " HighlightSpellingErrors()
function! AddWordToDictionary()
" adds the word under the cursor to the personal dictonary; used for the \sa
" operation defined above;
" requires the global variable PersonalDict to be defined above, and to contain
" the `Ispell' personal dictionary;
"
" by Smylers http://www.stripey.com/vim/
"
" 2000 Apr 30: for `Vim' 5.6
" get the word under the cursor, including the apostrophe as a word character
" to allow for words like "won't", but then ignoring any apostrophes at the
" start or end of the word:
set iskeyword+='
let Word = substitute(expand('
let Word = substitute(Word, "'\\+$", '', '')
set iskeyword-='
" override any SpellError highlighting that might exist for this word,
" `highlighting' it as normal text:
execute 'syntax match Normal #\<' . Word . '\>#'
" remove any final "'s" so that possessive forms don't end up in the
" dictionary, then add the word to the dictionary:
let Word = substitute(Word, "'s$", '', '')
execute '!echo "' . Word . '" >> ' . g:PersonalDict
endfunction " AddWordToDictionary()
function! InsertCloseTag()
" inserts the appropriate closing HTML tag; used for the \hc operation defined
" above;
" requires ignorecase to be set, or to type HTML tags in exactly the same case
" that I do;
" doesn't treat
" clobbers register z and mark z
"
" by Smylers http://www.stripey.com/vim/
" 2000 May 4
if &filetype == 'html'
" list of tags which shouldn't be closed:
let UnaryTags = ' Area Base Br DD DT HR Img Input LI Link Meta P Param '
" remember current position:
normal mz
" loop backwards looking for tags:
let Found = 0
while Found == 0
" find the previous <, then go forwards one character and grab the first
" character plus the entire word:
execute "normal ?\
normal "zyl
let Tag = expand('
" if this is a closing tag, skip back to its matching opening tag:
if @z == '/'
execute "normal ?\
" if this is a unary tag, then position the cursor for the next
" iteration:
elseif match(UnaryTags, ' ' . Tag . ' ') > 0
normal h
" otherwise this is the tag that needs closing:
else
let Found = 1
endif
endwhile " not yet found match
" create the closing tag and insert it:
let @z = ''
normal `z
if col('.') == 1
normal "zP
else
normal "zp
endif
else " filetype is not HTML
echohl ErrorMsg
echo 'The InsertCloseTag() function is only intended to be used in HTML ' .
\ 'files.'
sleep
echohl None
endif " check on filetype
endfunction " InsertCloseTag()
function! RepeatTag(Forward)
" repeats a (non-closing) HTML tag from elsewhere in the document; call
" repeatedly until the correct tag is inserted (like with insert mode
" and
" or backwards through the file; used for the \hp and \hn operations defined
" above;
" requires preservation of marks i and j;
" clobbers register z
"
" by Smylers http://www.stripey.com/vim/
"
" 2000 May 4: for `Vim' 5.6
if &filetype == 'html'
" if the cursor is where this function left it, then continue from there:
if line('.') == line("'i") && col('.') == col("'i")
" delete the tag inserted last time:
if col('.') == strlen(getline('.'))
normal dF
else
normal dF
if col('.') != 1
normal h
endif
endif
" note the cursor position, then jump to where the deleted tag was found:
normal mi`j
" otherwise, just store the cursor position (in mark i):
else
normal mi
endif
if a:Forward
let SearchCmd = '/'
else
let SearchCmd = '?'
endif
" find the next non-closing tag (in the appropriate direction), note where
" it is (in mark j) in case this function gets called again, then yank it
" and paste a copy at the original cursor position, and store the final
" cursor position (in mark i) for use next time round:
execute "normal " . SearchCmd . "<[^/>].\\{-}>\
if col('.') == 1
normal "zP
else
normal "zp
endif
normal mi
else " filetype is not HTML
echohl ErrorMsg
echo 'The RepeatTag() function is only intended to be used in HTML files.'
sleep
echohl None
endif
endfunction " RepeatTag()
To create the vimrc file type the following in the terminal
touch ~/.vimrc
